Reviewed by medical experts • For informational purposes only
In Ayurveda infertility is often identified as Vandhya regarding women or Kleeba concerning male impotence manifesting as a failure to produce healthy offspring. It results from defects in the essential procreative factors known as the Bija or seed Ksetra or uterus and Rtu or fertile timing,. Texts like the Charaka Samhita attribute this condition to genetic abnormalities or the vitiation of Doshas particularly Vata which can obstruct reproductive channels and damage the sperm or ovum,. Etiological factors include anxiety old age improper diet and excessive sexual indulgence which deplete the reproductive tissue called Shukra.
Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after regular unprotected intercourse. In Ayurveda, it is known as Vandhya and is explained under disorders of Shukra and Artava.[2] Classical texts emphasize progeny as essential for fulfillment of life goals (Purusharthas).[2][4]
Male sexual debility is described under Klaibya and Shukra Dosha.[3]
In Ayurvedic terms, refers to the state of being barren or unable to procreate. It includes failure of conception, repeated miscarriages (), or stillbirths. It is classified under (female reproductive disorders) or defects of male reproductive element ().
Literal Meaning: Vandhya means "barren" or "unfruitful."
Conceptual Interpretation: Conception is compared to the germination of a seed. Successful reproduction requires four essential factors:
Male sexual debility is specifically termed Klaibya.
Unwholesome Diet: Incompatible foods, or excessive dry, cold, pungent, bitter, or salty foods deplete reproductive fluids.
Malnutrition: Lack of nourishing foods causes Dhatu Kshaya, affecting reproductive tissues.
Sexual Habits: Excessive intercourse (Ati-maithuna), or suppression of natural urges, can cause Klaibya.
Physical Strain: Excessive exercise or genital trauma.
Suppression of Urges: Blocking urination, defecation, or flatulence aggravates Vata, obstructing reproductive channels.
Grief, fear, anger, jealousy, and worry affect conception or pregnancy maintenance.
Dosha: Primarily Vata (Apana Vayu), with possible involvement of Pitta and Kapha.
Dushya (Tissues): Shukra in men, Artava and Garbhashaya in women.
Srotas (Channels): Blockage of Shukravaha Srotas or Artavavaha Srotas prevents fertilization or implantation.
Bija (Genetic Material): Deep vitiation damages sperm/ovum, causing sterility or congenital defects.
Semen Defects: Frothy, thin, dry, putrid, bloody, or discolored semen.
Sexual Dysfunction: Difficulty in erection (Klaibya), premature ejaculation, or pain during ejaculation.
Menstrual Irregularities: Painful menstruation (Yonishula), absent menstruation (Nashtartava), excessive discharge (Pradara).
Uterine Disorders: Recurrent miscarriages (Putraghni).
Vandhya: Absolute sterility.
Sapraja: Secondary infertility.
Garbhasravi / Mritavatsa: Repeated abortions/stillbirths.
Defects of Semen: 8 types (Vata, Pitta, Kapha-based).
Uterine Disorders (Yonivyapat): 20 types leading to infertility.
Examination of Reproductive Fluids: Healthy semen: honey-like smell, white, heavy; Healthy menstrual blood: rabbit blood/lac color.
History Taking: Diet, sexual, mental state.
Physical Examination: Pelvic structure and pain.
Nourishing Foods: Milk, ghee, meat soups (sparrow, rooster, peacock).
Grains: Rice (Shali, Shashtika), black gram (Masha).
Specifics: Milk with sugar and stimulating herbs for men.
Brahmacharya: Period of celibacy to regenerate Shukra.
Stress Reduction: Happiness and mental calmness are crucial.
Vajikarana herbs: Ashwagandha, Shatavari, Kapikacchu, Gokshura, Bala.
Phala Ghrita: Medicated ghee for male/female infertility.
Pushpadhanva Rasa: Stimulates reproductive function.
Basti: Enema for Vata disorders; Uttara Basti for uterus/bladder.
Virechana: Purgation to remove Pitta and impurities.
Vamana: Emesis if Kapha-related blockage exists.
Curable: Dietary errors, minor doshic imbalances, psychological stress respond well to purification and Vajikarana.
Incurable: Congenital defects (Vatikasandhaka), severe genetic abnormalities (Bija Dosha).
Similarities: Shukra defects → Oligospermia, Azoospermia; Yonivyapat → Endometriosis, PCOS, PID.
Differences: Modern medicine uses hormones and IVF; Ayurveda improves metabolic health and tissue quality.
Limitations: Complete tubal blockages may need surgery; Ayurveda treats some with Uttara Basti.
Q: Can Ayurveda treat low sperm count?
A: Yes. Ayurveda utilizes Vajikarana therapy, using herbs like Kapikacchu and Ashwagandha along with nourishing diets (milk, ghee) to improve the quality and quantity of Shukra (sperm).
Q: What is the "Field" and "Seed" concept in fertility?
A: Ayurveda compares conception to farming. A healthy child requires a fertile "Field" (Kshetra - the uterus), a healthy "Seed" (Bija - sperm/ovum), proper "Water" (Ambu - nutrition), and the right "Season" (Ritu - ovulation timing).
Q: Is there a specific detoxification for infertility?
A: Yes. Uttara Basti is a specialized Panchakarma procedure where medicated oil or ghee is administered directly into the uterus (for women) or bladder (for men) to cleanse and nourish the reproductive organs.
Q: Does mental stress affect fertility in Ayurveda?
A: Absolutely. Ayurveda explicitly states that grief, fear, and worry are causes of infertility. A cheerful mind (Saumanasya) is considered essential for successful conception.
Written By
Sathyaprek
BDS
Reviewed By
Dr. Varun Gupta
MD Pharmacology, MBBS
Last updated on
Apr 10, 2026 • 06:23 PM (IST)
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