Types of reflux disease

Reflux disease is not a single pattern. Doctors describe several types based on how the symptoms show up and what tests show. Knowing the type helps decide the right treatment and how closely to monitor.

Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) This is the most common form. You have typical symptoms such as heartburn, but an endoscopy shows no visible damage to the oesophagus lining.

Erosive reflux disease (erosive oesophagitis) Acid has caused visible inflammation or small sores in the oesophagus. Doctors grade this from mild to severe on endoscopy.

Barrett's oesophagus Long-standing reflux can change the cells at the lower end of the food pipe. This is not a symptom but a change found on endoscopy, and it needs periodic follow-up because it carries a small risk of cancer.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (silent reflux) Acid reaches the throat and voice box. People may have hoarseness, cough and throat clearing without much heartburn.

Nocturnal reflux Symptoms are mainly at night and disturb sleep. Raising the head of the bed often helps.

Reflux in infants and children Spitting up is common in babies and usually settles by 12 to 18 months. Poor weight gain, choking, repeated vomiting or feeding refusal need a paediatrician.

Ayurvedic view (interpretive) Traditional texts discuss acid disorders under Pitta-related patterns, sometimes divided by which dosha seems to lead the picture. This is an interpretive framework and does not map exactly onto the medical types above.

Remember The type is decided by symptoms and tests together. Do not self-label persistent symptoms, and see a doctor if they continue.