Prevention of schizophrenia

Schizophrenia cannot be fully prevented, because genes and early brain development play a part. However, there are ways to lower the risk, to catch it early and to prevent relapse in someone who already has it.

Lower the risk

• Avoid cannabis and other drugs, especially in teenage years and early twenties. Heavy early cannabis use is linked with a higher risk of psychosis in vulnerable people.
• Good prenatal care, healthy nutrition and avoiding infections and heavy stress during pregnancy.
• Support for children facing abuse, neglect or severe stress.
• Healthy sleep, regular routine and managing stress.

Catch it early

• Watch for warning signs in young people with a family history: withdrawal, falling grades, strange ideas, sleep change and suspiciousness.
• Seek a psychiatrist early. Early intervention services improve long-term outcomes and reduce disability.

Prevent relapse

• Take medicine regularly and keep follow-up appointments.
• Avoid alcohol and drugs.
• Keep a regular sleep routine.
• Learn and watch for personal early warning signs, and have a plan to contact the doctor.
• Use therapy such as cognitive behavioural therapy and family education.
• Reduce stress, conflict and criticism at home.

Prevent complications Regular checks of weight, sugar and heart health, support for stopping smoking and help for work, study and social life reduce disability and early death.

Stigma and support Open, kind talk about mental illness helps people seek care sooner. Family support groups and community programmes help recovery.

Ayurvedic view (interpretive) Traditional advice of regular routine, adequate sleep and avoiding intoxicants overlaps with sensible prevention. It is supportive only.

Crisis help Call 112 in an emergency. Tele-MANAS (14416) provides free mental-health support in India.

Remember Early help and staying on treatment are the best ways to protect the future.