Stages of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is usually described by how much the optic nerve and visual field are damaged. The loss of nerve cells cannot be restored, so treatment aims to stop further loss.

Suspect or pre-glaucoma

Eye pressure is high or the nerve looks suspicious, but the visual field is normal. Regular monitoring is advised and treatment may begin in some people.

Early glaucoma

Small changes in the optic nerve and mild field defects. Most people notice nothing.

Moderate glaucoma

Larger field defects on testing. Some people notice missing patches or trouble in dim light.

Advanced glaucoma

Marked loss of side vision, leaving a narrow tunnel of central sight. Everyday tasks such as walking and driving become hard.

End stage

Severe vision loss or blindness in the eye.

Acute angle closure

This can occur suddenly at any point and is an emergency with severe pain, redness and blurred vision.

How progression is tracked

• Pressure checks (tonometry)
• Optic nerve photographs and OCT scans
• Visual field tests

Key point

Early treatment can keep useful vision for life. Never stop drops because you feel fine, since glaucoma damage is silent. Sudden eye pain with vomiting: call 112 or 102.

Before your eye appointment

Carry your old reports, glasses and a list of all drops, tablets and supplements you use. Note any family history of glaucoma, diabetes or steroid use, and write down when symptoms occur. This helps your eye doctor choose the right tests and plan, and spot changes early.