Medicines and Products for High Blood Pressure

Many people need medicine to keep blood pressure in a safe range. The choice depends on age, other illnesses, kidney function and pregnancy.

Common medicine groups

• ACE inhibitors and ARBs: for example enalapril, ramipril, losartan and telmisartan
• Calcium channel blockers: for example amlodipine
• Diuretics (water tablets): for example hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone
• Beta blockers: used in some cases, such as heart disease
• Others are added when pressure is not controlled, as decided by a doctor.

Many people need more than one medicine, and some are combined in a single tablet.

Using them safely

• Take them every day, even when you feel well.
• Do not stop, skip or change the dose without asking your doctor.
• Report dizziness, swelling, a persistent dry cough or a very slow pulse.
• ACE inhibitors and ARBs are not safe in pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you plan to conceive.
• Kidney and potassium levels may need checking.
• Do not use someone else's medicine.

Things that raise blood pressure

Decongestants, some painkillers (NSAIDs), steroids and some herbal or energy products. Ask your pharmacist before buying them.

Home monitors and supplements

Use a validated upper-arm monitor. Evidence that supplements or herbal products control blood pressure is limited, and some interact with prescribed medicines.

Key point

Never stop or switch blood pressure medicines on your own. Get advice if you have side effects.

Before your appointment

Bring your home blood pressure log, with dates and times. List all medicines and supplements, including painkillers, herbal products and any Ayurvedic preparations. Note symptoms such as headache, chest pain or breathlessness, family history, salt intake, alcohol, sleep and any pregnancy plans. Ask about your target pressure, tests, medicines and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.