Diagnosis and tests for pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia is diagnosed by blood pressure readings, urine tests and blood tests, usually at antenatal check-ups.

Blood pressure

• Measured at every antenatal visit
• A reading of 140/90 or higher on two occasions at least 4 hours apart, after 20 weeks, suggests the condition
• Home blood pressure monitoring may be advised

Urine tests

• Dipstick for protein, followed by a lab test if positive
• Urine protein-creatinine ratio, or 24-hour collection in some centres

Blood tests

• Complete blood count including platelets
• Liver function tests
• Kidney function tests (creatinine)
• Uric acid and LDH, in some cases
• Newer tests such as the sFlt-1 to PlGF ratio, where available, help rule out or confirm the diagnosis

Checks on the baby

• Ultrasound to check growth, fluid and blood flow
• Cardiotocography (CTG) to record the baby's heartbeat
• Doppler studies of blood flow

Other checks

• Reflexes and signs of fluid in the lungs
• Eye examination if there are vision changes

Ayurvedic view (interpretive)

Traditional assessment does not replace blood pressure and blood tests, which are the only reliable way to diagnose pre-eclampsia.

When to get help

Do not rely on home impressions of swelling or headache. If you have symptoms or high home readings, contact your doctor or go to hospital.

If the diagnosis is confirmed, you may be admitted for observation, or sent home with a plan for home blood pressure checks and frequent visits, depending on the severity and your gestation.

Remember

Blood pressure and urine checks at every visit are the key to early diagnosis.