Complications and Risks of Nausea

Short-lived nausea rarely causes harm. Problems arise when it is severe, repeated or caused by a serious condition.

Dehydration

Repeated vomiting leads to loss of water and salts. Signs are dry mouth, thirst, dark or little urine, dizziness and weakness. In babies, sunken soft spot, no tears and fewer wet nappies. It needs oral rehydration or drips.

Electrolyte problems

Loss of potassium, sodium and chloride can cause muscle cramps, weakness and abnormal heart rhythm.

Malnutrition and weight loss

Long-lasting nausea reduces food intake and causes weight loss and vitamin deficiency.

Tears and damage in the food pipe

Forceful vomiting can cause a tear (Mallory-Weiss tear) with blood in the vomit, or in rare cases a rupture of the food pipe.

Dental problems

Stomach acid can damage tooth enamel when vomiting is frequent.

Aspiration

Breathing in vomit can cause pneumonia, especially in drowsy people, older adults and young children.

Pregnancy

Hyperemesis gravidarum can cause dehydration, weight loss and need for hospital care.

Underlying serious causes

Nausea can be a sign of heart attack, appendicitis, bowel blockage, meningitis, liver or kidney failure and others.

Effect on daily life

Missed work or school, poor sleep and low mood.

Reducing the risk

Replace fluids early, avoid triggers and see a doctor if nausea lasts or worsens.

Emergency (112 or 102)

Vomiting blood, severe pain, chest pain, fainting, confusion or signs of severe dehydration.

Remember

Most nausea passes with rest and fluids. See a doctor if it lasts more than 2 days, keeps returning or comes with warning signs.