Causes of Herpes

Herpes is a group of infections caused by herpes viruses. The two most discussed in everyday health are herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus, which causes chickenpox and later shingles (herpes zoster).

What causes herpes simplex

• HSV-1 usually spreads by close contact such as kissing, shared utensils or towels, and causes cold sores around the mouth. It can also cause genital infection through oral sex.
• HSV-2 usually spreads through sexual contact and causes genital herpes.
• The virus passes on through skin or mucous membrane contact, even when no sore is visible, because it can shed without symptoms.
• A mother with active genital herpes can pass the virus to her baby during birth.

Why the virus keeps coming back

After the first infection, HSV stays dormant in nerve cells. Flare-ups may be linked to fever, illness, stress, sunlight, hormonal changes, lack of sleep, injury to the skin or a weak immune system.

What causes shingles

Anyone who has had chickenpox carries the virus in their nerves. It can reactivate years later, especially with age, stress, illness, cancer treatment, steroids or conditions that lower immunity.

Who is at higher risk

People with many sexual partners, unprotected sex, weak immunity, newborns, and older adults for shingles.

Ayurvedic view

Ayurveda groups blistering skin conditions under visarpa, linked to pitta and rakta. This is an interpretive framework, and it does not replace testing or antiviral treatment.

Key point

Herpes is common and is not a reflection of hygiene or character. Knowing how it spreads helps you protect yourself and others.

Before your appointment

Note when the first symptoms began, where the sores or rash are, and any fever or pain. List past episodes, triggers, partners who should know, and any pregnancy. Bring your medicines and past reports, including HIV or STI tests. Ask about antiviral options, how to protect others and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.