Types of Herpes

Herpes is not a single illness. Several related viruses cause different conditions.

Herpes simplex virus

• HSV-1: most often oral herpes (cold sores), but can also cause genital herpes.
• HSV-2: most often genital herpes.
• Herpetic whitlow: HSV infection of a finger.
• Herpes gladiatorum: skin infection seen in contact sports.
• Eczema herpeticum: a serious spread of HSV over eczema-affected skin.

Varicella-zoster virus

• Chickenpox: the first infection, mostly in childhood.
• Shingles (herpes zoster): reactivation later in life, with a painful one-sided rash.
• Herpes zoster ophthalmicus: shingles involving the eye, which can threaten sight.

Other human herpes viruses

• Epstein-Barr virus: glandular fever.
• Cytomegalovirus (CMV): often silent, but important in pregnancy and weak immunity.
• Other herpes viruses cause roseola in babies.

By pattern of illness

• Primary infection: the first episode, usually the most severe.
• Recurrent infection: repeat episodes, usually milder.
• Asymptomatic shedding: the virus spreads without visible sores.

Ayurvedic view

Ayurveda describes blistering eruptions under visarpa and related skin conditions. This is a traditional framework and does not map exactly to viral types.

Key point

The type matters, because treatment, risks in pregnancy and eye safety differ between them.

Before your appointment

Note when the first symptoms began, where the sores or rash are, and any fever or pain. List past episodes, triggers, partners who should know, and any pregnancy. Bring your medicines and past reports, including HIV or STI tests. Ask about antiviral options, how to protect others and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.