Causes of Insomnia

Insomnia often has more than one cause. Stress or a short illness may start it, and habits can keep it going.

Stress and mental health

• Worry about work, money, health or family
• Anxiety, depression, trauma and grief
• Bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions

Habits and lifestyle

• Irregular sleep times, long daytime naps or late nights
• Caffeine (tea, coffee, cola, energy drinks) late in the day
• Alcohol, which may help you fall asleep but disturbs sleep later in the night
• Nicotine
• Screens, bright light and stimulating activity before bed
• Heavy meals late at night
• A noisy, hot or uncomfortable bedroom

Work and travel

Shift work, night duty and jet lag disturb the body clock.

Medical causes

• Pain, such as arthritis or back pain
• Breathing problems such as asthma and sleep apnoea
• Acid reflux, frequent urination at night and menopause symptoms
• Overactive thyroid, heart disease and neurological conditions
• Restless legs syndrome
• Pregnancy

Medicines and substances

Some antidepressants, steroids, decongestants, blood pressure medicines and stimulants can disturb sleep.

Other sleep disorders

Sleep apnoea, periodic limb movements and circadian rhythm disorders may look like insomnia.

Ayurvedic view

Ayurveda links sleeplessness to vata imbalance from stress, irregular routine, overwork and late nights. This is a traditional framework and not a modern explanation.

Key point

Finding and treating the cause, and changing habits that keep insomnia going, gives the best results.

Before your appointment

Keep a sleep diary for 1 to 2 weeks, noting bedtime, wake time, night awakenings, naps, caffeine and alcohol. List all medicines, herbs and sleeping aids you take. Mention snoring, breathing pauses, leg discomfort, pain, low mood, anxiety and daytime sleepiness while driving. Ask about CBT-I, tests, medicine options and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or Tele-MANAS at 14416.