Complications and Risks of Eczema

Most people with eczema have no serious problems, but poorly controlled eczema can lead to complications. Good daily care and early treatment lower the risk.

Skin complications

• Bacterial infection. Scratched, cracked skin lets in germs, especially Staphylococcus. Signs are weeping, yellow crusts, pus, pain and fever.
• Eczema herpeticum. A serious viral infection of eczema skin, with clusters of painful blisters, fever and feeling unwell. It is an emergency and needs hospital treatment the same day.
• Thickened, darker or lighter skin from long scratching.
• Scarring from deep scratching or infection.
• Side effects of treatment. Overuse of strong steroids can thin the skin or cause stretch marks. This is mostly preventable with correct use as directed.
• Contact allergy to creams and herbal products used on broken skin.

Whole-body effects

• Poor sleep and tiredness, which affect school and work.
• Low mood, anxiety and low confidence, especially when eczema is visible. Support and treatment help.
• Other allergic conditions, such as asthma, hay fever and food allergy, are more common in people with atopic eczema.
• Eye problems, such as irritation and, in severe cases, cataracts, particularly with eyelid eczema or heavy steroid use near the eyes.
• Growth and weight can be affected in children with severe disease.

When to get help

See a doctor if there is infection, if flares are frequent, if sleep is poor, or if treatment is not working. Mention any mood effects as well.

Prevention

Regular moisturising, prompt treatment of flares, avoiding triggers and checking skin for infection all reduce complications.

Home and herbal measures should not delay treatment of infection or severe flares.