Causes of psoriasis

Psoriasis is a long-term skin condition caused by an overactive immune system. It makes skin cells grow far too quickly, so they pile up as thick, scaly patches. It is not infectious and cannot be caught from another person.

What happens in the body

T cells, a type of immune cell, become overactive and release inflammatory signals. Skin cells that normally renew in about a month renew in about 3 to 5 days, forming plaques.

Main contributors

• Genetics: about one in three people with psoriasis has a close relative with it. Many genes are involved.
• Immune system: psoriasis is an autoimmune-type condition.
• Triggers: these set off flares in people who already have the tendency.

Common triggers

• Infections, especially throat infections (strep) in children and young people
• Skin injury, such as cuts, sunburn, scratches and tattoos (the Koebner effect)
• Stress
• Smoking and heavy alcohol use
• Obesity, which worsens psoriasis
• Cold, dry weather
• Some medicines, including lithium, beta-blockers, antimalarials and stopping oral steroids suddenly
• Hormonal changes

What does not cause it

Psoriasis is not caused by poor hygiene, a particular food or an infection of the skin. It is not contagious.

Ayurvedic view (interpretive)

Ayurveda compares chronic scaly skin conditions with Kushta, such as Ekakushta and Kitibha, and links them with Vata and Kapha imbalance and impaired digestion. This is a traditional framework, not a modern diagnosis.

When to get help

See a dermatologist for patchy scaly skin that does not clear, for joint pain or stiffness, or if psoriasis affects daily life.

Remember

Psoriasis is inherited in tendency, driven by the immune system, and not contagious. Knowing your triggers helps control flares.