Symptoms of Hernia

Symptoms depend on the type of hernia. Many hernias cause only a visible bulge. Others cause discomfort or pain, especially with effort.

Common symptoms

• A bulge or lump in the groin, near the navel, over a surgical scar or in the lower belly or scrotum. It may appear when standing, coughing or lifting, and flatten when lying down.
• A dragging, heavy or aching feeling in the area
• Discomfort or pain when bending, lifting or coughing
• Swelling of the scrotum in men with an inguinal hernia
• A burning or gurgling feeling at the site

Hiatal hernia

Heartburn, acid reflux, chest discomfort after meals, trouble swallowing and a sour taste in the mouth. Chest pain should never be assumed to be a hiatal hernia, so seek care for chest pain.

In babies and children

A bulge near the navel or groin that is more visible when the child cries or strains.

Emergency signs: call 112 or 102 or go to hospital now

These suggest the hernia is trapped (incarcerated) or has lost its blood supply (strangulated):

• A hernia that is hard, very tender and cannot be pushed back in
• Sudden, severe or increasing pain at the hernia
• Redness, purple or dark colour over the bulge
• Nausea, vomiting, a swollen belly or being unable to pass stool or gas
• Fever

See a doctor soon for

Any new lump, a growing bulge, or pain that interferes with daily activities.

Key point

A painless bulge needs a medical review. A painful, firm, non-reducible hernia is an emergency.

Before your appointment

Note when you first noticed the bulge, whether it goes in when you lie down, and what brings it on, such as lifting, coughing or straining. List any pain, vomiting, constipation or urinary problems, and past surgeries. Bring your medicines, including blood thinners, and past reports. Ask about repair options, recovery and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.