Types of Latex Allergy

Reactions to latex fall into three main groups. Only the first is a true latex allergy.

1. Immediate allergy (type I, IgE-mediated)

• Caused by antibodies to proteins in natural rubber latex
• Symptoms start within minutes, such as hives, swelling, runny nose, wheeze and anaphylaxis
• This is the most serious type and needs avoidance and an emergency plan

2. Delayed contact allergy (type IV)

• Caused by chemicals added during rubber manufacturing, such as thiurams and carbamates
• A red, itchy, blistered rash appears 6 to 48 hours after contact, mostly where the skin touched the glove
• It is not life-threatening, but can be long-lasting. Non-latex gloves made with other chemicals may also cause it.

3. Irritant contact dermatitis

• Not an allergy
• Dry, red, cracked skin from friction, sweat, powder, soap and frequent hand washing
• Improves with skin care and glove changes

By route of exposure

• Skin contact
• Breathing in airborne latex particles
• Contact with mucous membranes, as with condoms or dental work
• Internal contact during surgery
• Eating cross-reacting foods

Latex-fruit syndrome

Some people with type I allergy also react to foods such as banana, avocado, kiwi and chestnut.

Ayurvedic grouping

Ayurveda has no separate category. Skin reactions are described in general terms under skin diseases. This is a traditional framework.

Key point

The type of reaction decides how strictly latex must be avoided and how urgent treatment is.

Before your appointment

Note which items or procedures caused symptoms, how soon symptoms began, and how long they lasted. List any reactions to bananas, avocado, kiwi, chestnut or other foods. Mention your job, past surgeries, catheters, asthma, eczema and other allergies. List medicines, supplements and herbal products, and bring any allergy card or adrenaline injector. Ask about allergy testing, latex-free products and an emergency action plan. Tell your doctor and dentist about the allergy before any procedure. Call 112 for swelling of the face or throat or trouble breathing.