Complications and Risks of Migraine

Most people with migraine live normally between attacks. But frequent or severe migraine can lead to problems.

Medication-overuse headache

Taking painkillers on more than 2 to 3 days a week can lead to daily headaches. Stopping the overused medicine under a doctor's guidance helps.

Chronic migraine

Episodic migraine can become chronic, with headache on 15 or more days a month. Risk factors include overuse of medicines, obesity, poor sleep and depression.

Status migrainosus

An attack lasting more than 72 hours, which may need hospital treatment.

Persistent aura and migrainous infarction

Rarely, aura lasts more than an hour, or a migraine with aura is linked to stroke. Seek emergency help.

Increased risk of other conditions

• Stroke, mainly in people with aura, especially women who smoke or use combined contraceptive pills
• Heart disease, in some studies
• Depression and anxiety
• Sleep problems
• Chronic pain conditions

Daily life effects

• Missed school and work
• Strained relationships and social life
• Lower quality of life

Pregnancy

Many women have fewer attacks in pregnancy, but some medicines are unsafe. Plan with a doctor.

Reducing the risk

Treat attacks early, limit painkillers, keep regular habits, avoid smoking, and review prevention with your doctor.

Emergency (112 or 102)

Sudden worst headache, one-sided weakness, speech loss, confusion or fits.

Remember

Most complications can be reduced with early, correct treatment and steady habits.