Diet and Food Guidance for HIV Infection

Good nutrition helps the body respond to treatment and fight infection. Food does not cure HIV and does not replace ART.

General principles

• Eat regular balanced meals with grains, pulses, vegetables, fruit, milk products, eggs, fish or meat as you prefer.
• Include enough protein and healthy fats to keep your weight and muscle.
• Drink plenty of clean, safe water.
• Eat small, frequent meals if appetite is low.

Food safety matters more with weak immunity

• Wash hands, fruit and vegetables well.
• Cook meat, fish and eggs fully.
• Drink boiled or filtered water.
• Avoid raw or unpasteurised milk and food that has been kept out too long.

Taking medicines with food

Some ART tablets should be taken with food, others on an empty stomach. Follow your doctor's or pharmacist's instructions.

Common problems

• Nausea or loss of appetite: small, bland meals and plenty of fluids
• Diarrhoea: oral rehydration solution and soft foods
• Weight loss: ask for a nutrition plan, because it may signal a need for treatment review

Supplements

Do not start high-dose vitamins, minerals or herbal supplements without advice, as some interact with ART.

Ayurvedic dietary view

Fresh, warm, light and easily digestible meals are traditionally advised. This is a traditional approach, with limited trial evidence.

Key point

A balanced diet supports health, together with daily ART, not instead of it.

Before your appointment

Write down when you may have been exposed, and any symptoms such as fever, weight loss, cough or diarrhoea. List all medicines, herbs and supplements, and any pregnancy plans. Bring past test reports, including CD4 and viral load if you have them. Ask about testing, treatment, confidentiality, support services and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.