Prevention of HIV Infection

HIV can be prevented. Combining several methods gives the best protection.

Safer sex

• Use condoms correctly every time.
• Get tested with your partner. A partner on treatment with an undetectable viral load does not pass on HIV.
• Treat other sexually transmitted infections promptly.

Medicines to prevent HIV

• PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis): for HIV-negative people at high risk. Ask a doctor.
• PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis): start as soon as possible, and within 72 hours of a possible exposure, for a 28-day course. Go to an emergency department or an ART centre.

Blood and needles

• Use only new, sterile needles and syringes. Never share.
• Receive blood only from licensed, screened blood banks.
• Use sterile tools for tattoos, piercings and shaving.

Pregnancy

• All pregnant women should be tested.
• With ART, safe delivery and infant medicines, mother-to-child transmission can be reduced to very low levels.

Testing

• Test regularly if you are at risk. HIV tests are available free and confidential at government centres.
• Early tests may need a repeat after the window period.

Avoid stigma

Everyday contact does not spread HIV. Support people living with HIV with respect and privacy.

Key point

Condoms, testing, PrEP and PEP, and treating those who have HIV, work together to stop transmission.

Before your appointment

Write down when you may have been exposed, and any symptoms such as fever, weight loss, cough or diarrhoea. List all medicines, herbs and supplements, and any pregnancy plans. Bring past test reports, including CD4 and viral load if you have them. Ask about testing, treatment, confidentiality, support services and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.