HIV Infection in Special Cases (Pregnancy, Children, Elderly)

Some groups need extra care, but treatment works in each.

Pregnancy

• All pregnant women should be tested for HIV.
• ART in pregnancy greatly lowers the chance of passing HIV to the baby. Treatment is started as early as possible and continued for life.
• The delivery method and infant feeding plan are decided with a specialist. The baby receives preventive medicine and is tested.
• Do not stop ART in pregnancy, and do not use herbal products without medical advice.

Children

• Babies born to mothers with HIV need testing at set ages and preventive medicines.
• Children with HIV are treated with ART in child-friendly doses, by a paediatric specialist.
• Adherence, growth, nutrition and vaccines are monitored closely.
• Do not use herbal remedies for infants unless a paediatrician advises it. Never give honey to a baby under 12 months.
• Schooling and play are safe for children with HIV, and their status is private.

Adolescents

Support, counselling and privacy help them stay on treatment.

Older adults

• HIV may be diagnosed late because symptoms are blamed on age.
• Heart, bone, kidney and memory problems are more common, and more medicines mean more interactions.
• Regular reviews and medicine checks are important.

People with TB or other conditions

ART and TB treatment are coordinated by a specialist because of drug interactions.

Key point

With the right plan, pregnancy, childhood and older age can all be managed safely.

Before your appointment

Write down when you may have been exposed, and any symptoms such as fever, weight loss, cough or diarrhoea. List all medicines, herbs and supplements, and any pregnancy plans. Bring past test reports, including CD4 and viral load if you have them. Ask about testing, treatment, confidentiality, support services and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.