Symptoms of HIV Infection

Many people have no symptoms for years, so testing is the only way to know. Symptoms depend on the stage.

Early (acute) infection, 2 to 4 weeks after exposure

Some people have a flu-like illness:

• Fever, sore throat and tiredness
• Swollen glands
• Rash, muscle and joint aches
• Headache, mouth ulcers or diarrhoea

These symptoms can have many other causes. A person is very infectious at this time, even though early tests may be negative.

Clinical latency (years)

Often no symptoms. The virus keeps multiplying and slowly damages the immune system unless treated.

When immunity is weak (advanced HIV and AIDS)

• Weight loss and long-lasting fever or night sweats
• Persistent diarrhoea
• Ongoing cough, which may point to tuberculosis (TB)
• White patches in the mouth, frequent infections
• Skin problems, swollen glands and extreme tiredness
• Memory or concentration problems

Get tested if

• You had unprotected sex, shared needles or a possible exposure
• You are pregnant or planning pregnancy
• You have TB or another sexually transmitted infection

Seek urgent care (call 112 or 102)

Severe breathlessness, confusion, seizures, persistent high fever or severe dehydration.

Key point

Early testing means early treatment and a healthy life. After a possible exposure, ask about PEP within 72 hours.

Before your appointment

Write down when you may have been exposed, and any symptoms such as fever, weight loss, cough or diarrhoea. List all medicines, herbs and supplements, and any pregnancy plans. Bring past test reports, including CD4 and viral load if you have them. Ask about testing, treatment, confidentiality, support services and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.