Symptoms of Infertility

The main sign of infertility is not getting pregnant after trying for the recommended time. Often there are no other symptoms, but some signs point to a cause.

In women

• Irregular, very light, very heavy or absent periods, which may mean ovulation problems
• Very painful periods or pelvic pain, which may suggest endometriosis
• Excess facial or body hair, acne and weight gain, which may suggest PCOS
• Milky nipple discharge, which may suggest high prolactin
• Pain during sex
• Symptoms of thyroid disease, such as tiredness, weight change or feeling hot or cold
• Hot flushes and early menopause symptoms before age 40

In men

• Problems with erection or ejaculation
• Low sex drive
• Pain, swelling or a lump in the testicle area
• Reduced facial or body hair, or breast enlargement, which may suggest a hormone problem
• Previous testicular injury, infection or surgery

Often there are no symptoms

Many men and women with fertility problems feel completely well, so testing is the only way to know.

See a doctor sooner if

• You are 35 or older
• Periods are irregular or absent
• You have had pelvic infection, endometriosis or cancer treatment
• You have known male factors or past testicular problems
• You have had two or more miscarriages

Seek urgent care (call 112 or 102)

Severe lower abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, dizziness or fainting, especially if pregnant or if you might be pregnant. This can be an ectopic pregnancy.

Key point

Lack of symptoms does not rule out a fertility issue. Get both partners checked.

Before your appointment

Come as a couple if you can. Note how long you have been trying, cycle length and regularity, past pregnancies, surgeries, infections and medicines. Bring past reports and, if available, a semen analysis. List supplements and herbs you take, along with smoking, alcohol and exercise habits. Ask about tests, treatment options, costs, success rates and the warning signs that mean you should call 112 or 102.