Diet and Food Guidance for Goiter

Diet matters most when a goiter is caused by iodine deficiency. In other causes, food supports health but does not shrink the goiter.

Iodine: the right amount

• Use iodised salt in normal amounts
• Iodine also comes from milk and dairy, eggs and fish
• Adults need about 150 micrograms a day, and more in pregnancy and breastfeeding, as advised by a doctor
• Too much iodine (kelp, seaweed tablets, some tonics) can cause or worsen thyroid disease, so avoid supplements unless advised

Other helpful nutrients

• Selenium: Brazil nuts, eggs, fish and whole grains in normal food amounts
• Iron and vitamin D: need checking in some people
• Protein and fibre: pulses, vegetables and whole grains

Foods to take care with

• Raw cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and soy in very large amounts may interfere with iodine use, but normal cooked servings are usually fine
• Take levothyroxine with water on an empty stomach, and keep a gap of 30 to 60 minutes before breakfast. Calcium, iron and some supplements should be taken a few hours apart.

Weight

Hypothyroidism can raise weight slightly. A balanced diet and regular activity help.

Key point

Do not self-supplement iodine. Ask your doctor or dietitian, particularly in pregnancy.

Before your appointment

Carry earlier thyroid reports, a list of medicines and supplements, and notes on swelling, weight change, heartbeat, mood and periods. Tell your doctor about any family history of thyroid disease and whether you are pregnant or planning pregnancy. This helps pick the right tests and treatment.