Types of Goiter

Goiters are grouped by their shape, by how they work and by cause.

By shape

• Diffuse goiter: the whole gland is enlarged and smooth
• Nodular goiter: one lump (solitary nodule) or many (multinodular)

By function

• Non-toxic (simple) goiter: thyroid hormone levels are normal
• Toxic goiter: the thyroid makes too much hormone, as in Graves' disease or a toxic nodule
• Hypothyroid goiter: low hormone, often from Hashimoto's thyroiditis or severe iodine deficiency

By cause

• Endemic goiter: occurs in areas with low iodine in soil and water
• Sporadic goiter: occurs in individuals for other reasons
• Autoimmune goiter: Hashimoto's or Graves'
• Postpartum or viral thyroiditis: temporary swelling after pregnancy or infection

By position

• Retrosternal (substernal) goiter: extends behind the breastbone and can press on the windpipe

Ayurvedic view

Ayurveda describes Galaganda in several forms. This is an interpretive link and not a diagnosis.

Key point

Only tests can tell the type. Blood hormone levels, antibody tests and ultrasound guide care. A fast-growing or hard nodule needs further checks.

Before your appointment

Carry earlier thyroid reports, a list of medicines and supplements, and notes on swelling, weight change, heartbeat, mood and periods. Tell your doctor about any family history of thyroid disease and whether you are pregnant or planning pregnancy. This helps pick the right tests and treatment.