Medicines and Products for Goiter

Medicines depend on the cause of the goiter and on thyroid hormone levels. A doctor decides after blood tests and an ultrasound.

Levothyroxine

A thyroid hormone tablet for an underactive thyroid. It is taken daily on an empty stomach, and the dose is adjusted by blood tests. It may also be used to treat some goiters with low hormone levels.

Antithyroid medicines

Carbimazole, methimazole or propylthiouracil reduce hormone production in an overactive thyroid. Blood tests are needed to watch for side effects, such as low white cell count or liver problems. Report fever or sore throat quickly.

Beta blockers

Propranolol and similar medicines ease palpitations and tremor in overactive thyroid.

Radioactive iodine

Taken as a capsule or liquid in a specialist centre to shrink an overactive or large goiter. It often leads to an underactive thyroid that then needs levothyroxine.

Iodine

Given only in proven deficiency and in doses advised by a doctor.

Cautions

• Do not buy thyroid pills or "goiter cures" without prescription
• Do not stop levothyroxine or antithyroid tablets on your own
• Herbal and kelp products are unproven and can disturb thyroid tests
• Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or planning pregnancy

Key point

Difficulty breathing or swallowing needs urgent care. Call 112 or 102.

Before your appointment

Carry earlier thyroid reports, a list of medicines and supplements, and notes on swelling, weight change, heartbeat, mood and periods. Tell your doctor about any family history of thyroid disease and whether you are pregnant or planning pregnancy. This helps pick the right tests and treatment.