How to Treat or Cure Goiter

Goiter treatment depends on the cause, the size, hormone levels and symptoms. Many small goiters need only monitoring.

Observation

A small goiter with normal hormone levels and no symptoms is usually watched with blood tests and an ultrasound every 6 to 12 months.

Treating the cause

• Iodine deficiency: correcting intake, as advised by a doctor
• Underactive thyroid: levothyroxine, with dose changes by blood tests
• Overactive thyroid: antithyroid medicines, radioactive iodine or surgery
• Thyroiditis: often settles by itself, and symptoms are treated

Procedures for nodules

An ultrasound-guided needle test (FNAC) checks nodules that look suspicious.

Radioactive iodine

Shrinks an overactive or large goiter in selected patients, often followed by lifelong levothyroxine.

Surgery

Removal of part or all of the thyroid (thyroidectomy) is advised for a very large goiter, pressure symptoms, a goiter extending behind the breastbone, an overactive goiter not controlled by other treatment, or a suspicious nodule. Thyroid hormone tablets are needed after complete removal.

Is goiter curable?

Some goiters shrink after treatment of the cause. Others need long-term care.

Ayurvedic view

Ayurveda uses diet and herbs for Galaganda, but evidence is limited and it is an adjunct at best.

Urgent care

Difficulty breathing or swallowing: call 112 or 102.

Before your appointment

Carry earlier thyroid reports, a list of medicines and supplements, and notes on swelling, weight change, heartbeat, mood and periods. Tell your doctor about any family history of thyroid disease and whether you are pregnant or planning pregnancy. This helps pick the right tests and treatment.