Causes of Itching

Itching (pruritus) has many causes. Most are minor, but long-lasting itching with no clear reason can point to a body-wide illness.

Skin causes

• Dry skin (xerosis), especially in winter, with frequent hot bathing or in older adults
• Eczema (atopic dermatitis) and contact dermatitis from soaps, metals or cosmetics
• Scabies and lice, which cause intense itching that is worse at night
• Fungal infections such as ringworm and candida
• Hives (urticaria), insect bites, sunburn and heat rash
• Psoriasis and other long-term skin conditions

Allergy and irritants

Foods, medicines, pollen, dust, pet dander, wool and strong detergents can set off itching.

Internal causes

• Liver disease and blocked bile flow, which can cause itching with yellow eyes or skin
• Kidney failure
• Diabetes
• Thyroid disease and iron deficiency
• Some blood disorders and, rarely, cancers such as lymphoma

Medicines

Opioids, some antibiotics, aspirin and some blood pressure medicines can cause itching.

Nerve and mind-related causes

Nerve damage, shingles and stress or anxiety can cause itching with little or no rash.

Ayurvedic view

Ayurveda calls itching kandu and links it mainly to Kapha and Pitta imbalance with impure blood (rakta). This is a traditional framework and not a modern diagnosis.

Key point

Itching with a rash is usually a skin problem. Itching all over with no rash needs a check for liver, kidney, thyroid or blood causes.

Before your appointment

Note when the itching began, where it is, what makes it better or worse, and whether it is worse at night. List all medicines, creams, herbs and soaps you use, and any new foods or products. Mention others at home with itching, rash, weight loss, night sweats, yellow eyes, dark urine or tiredness. Bring photos of any rash that comes and goes. Ask about tests, the safest treatment and the signs that need urgent care. Call 112 for swelling of the face or lips or trouble breathing.